Relational database design approach

I have always wondered how the university manages information for all the students..Where the information will be contained and how it will be contained there..After a full class session, all of my questions were answered..I got to know that information can be stored using a mechanism called database , which is created using a software called database management system.. and that the purpose of this mechanism is to organize, store and control data..
Examples for this software includes ( microsoft access ,  mySQL ,  oracle 

For this mechanism to be functional it is suppose to have certain components..which are

• Data item

this is a field in data processing and it is a distinct piece of information..

• Schema..(ERD)

it describes the organisation of data and the relationship within databases.

 

•  Constraints

•  Relationship

For a database to be functional it is suppose to have certain fundamentals which are:

1.  KEY

 this is a specific piece of data..usually contained in a column..such as subject/first name..

   2.   RECORD

a cluster of connected fields that describes a person/thing usually contained in a row

 3.   KEY FIELD

a field with unique/specific information of each record ..such as student ID for student..

4.  TABLE

a collection of records for a single subject such as STUDENTS

5.   RELATIONAL DATABASE

multiple tables connected together to address a business process such as managing time table

6. OBJECTS

     portion of an Access database that help one view,edit,manage and analyse data.

I learnt that there are different database languages each with its own situation to which  it is used :

• DDL(Data definition language)--used for creating a database
• DML(Data manipulating language)--used to manipulate or query data in the database
• DCL(Data control language)

Lastly i learnt that database comes in different models/formats namely:

• Hierarchical database
•  Network database
•  Relational database
•  Object-relational database